Mangrove memainkan peranan penting, baik pada ekosistem perairan maupun darat. Salah satu peranan mangrove adalah sebagai penghasil nutrien dengan mekanisme dekomposisi guguran daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang struktur komunitas plankton di perairan mangrove dan perairan terbuka (non mangrove). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel air pada ekosistem mangrove yang dibandingkan dengan perairan terbuka (non mangrove). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan 22 jenis plankton di perairan mangrove dan 12 jenis di perairan terbuka dengan kelimpahan 828-1.548 individu/liter pada perairan mangrove dan 882-972 pada perairan terbuka. Indeks keanekaragaman plankton di perairan mangrove berkisar antara 2,402-2,633, sedangkan di perairan terbuka berkisar antara 1,527-1,839. Indeks perataan pada ekosistem mangrove berkisar antara 0,831-0,859 dan perairan terbuka berkisar antara 0,713-0,798. Indeks dominansi plankton di perairan mangrove berkisar antara 0,102-0,134, sedangkan di perairan terbuka berkisar antara 0,243-0,288.

Kabupaten Sinjai, Sulawesi Selatan memiliki mangrove seluas 960 ha yang 70% di antaranya tersebar di Kecamatan Sinjai Timur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang potensi, kondisi, tanggapan masyarakat, dan ragam pemanfaatan mangrove yang diperlukan bagi pengelolaan hutan mangrove. Melalui pengamatan mangrove berdasar kelas umur tegakan diperoleh potensi mangrove, sedangkan melalui metode wawancara secara purposive diperoleh tanggapan masyarakat terhadap ragam pemanfaatan mangrove. Potensi tegakan mangrove di Sinjai Timur adalah 8.025 pohon/ha dengan volume diperkirakan sekitar 257,5 m³ /ha. Delapan puluh persen responden mengharapkan agar tegakan dapat ditebang untuk kegiatan penjarangan, 20% menginginkan agar tegakan dibiarkan utuh, dan tidak ada satu responden pun yang menginginkan untuk ditebang habis. Manfaat langsung dari mangrove dapat berupa kayu (67%), buah (20%), dan daun mangrove (13%). Manfaat tidak langsung dapat berupa hasil tangkapan ikan (30%), kepiting (27%), kerang (23%), benur (50%), nener (40%), kelelawar (7%), pencegah abrasi (100%), dan pencegah intrusi (17%). Pengelolaan hutan mangrove selanjutnya diharapkan dapat memberikan kesempatan masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan kayunya melalui tindakan penjarangan.

To halt the degradation rate of mangrove forest, the Perum Perhutani have implemented a silvofishery program, namely “Empang Parit”. However, this program are not running as it was expected. The loss of mangrove areas in one side and the expansion of pond areas in the other side indicated that the program was not effectively implemented. This condition is very critical, because when mangrove is vanishing, the ecological function will lose. Consequently the productivity of fisheries in general will decrease and the waters and fishes will be contaminated with hazardous pollutants. The objectives of this research were to study the ecological quality of degraded “empang parit” ponds that included (1) the quality of waters, (2) mercury (Hg) content of biota, and (3) mercury (Hg) content of mangrove vegetation. The result showed that the lead (Pb) content and detergent (MBAS) of waters were higher than the treshold for fishery culture. All of eight species of fishes and a species of schrimp in silvofishery pond and all of six species of fishes and a species of schrimp in common tambak (without mangrove) were contaminated with mercury (Hg). However, in general, the concentration of pollutants in silvofishery pond was lower than that of common pond. Although the concentration averages are stil under the treshold, the mercury (Hg) is a non biodegradable heavy metal, so the consumption of this material in a long period will endanger the human health. Mercury content in roost, trunks, leaves, and fruits of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Avicennia officinalis Linn. were not detected (less than 0.008 ppb). This could be related with the physiologycal properties and the age of the tree species.

Mangrove plays important roles in both coastal and terrestrial ecosystem. One of important roles of mangrove is a producer of nutrients by decomposing dead leaf, which enriched coastal water with esensial nutrient to increase fisheries productivity. The research was conducted to study comunities structure of plankton in mangrove waters and compare it with sea waters. Three water samples were collected from mangrove and sea respectively for identification. The results found 22 spesies of plankton in mangrove water and 12 spesies in sea water with abundance of 828-1,548 individu/litre at mangrove water and 882-972 individu/litre at sea water. Diversity indices of plankton on mangrove water were 2.402-2.633, and sea water were 1.527-1.839. The evenness indices of mangrove water were 0.831-0.859 and sea waters were 0.713-0.798. ominance indices of plankton in mangrove water were 0.102-0.134 and sea warter were 0.243-0.288.

This research conducted at Siberut Island Biosphere Reserve, West Sumatra in June 2007, was aimed at investigating biophysics potential and carbon contents of mangrove forest. Two sampling plots each 0.25 hectares were built at 1,300 m distant from coastal line to analyze vegetation composition, carbon potency and soil fertility. The inventory of mangrove species was conducted along 1-km of a 2-km riverine-mangrove forest. The results showed there were 10 species of mangrove trees grew in the forest, i.e. Rhizophora apiculata Blume, R. mucronata Blume, Bruguiera cylindrica W.et.A., B. gymnorrhiza (L). Savigny, Xylocarpus granatum Koen, Barringtonia racemosa Blume, Ceriops tagal C.B Rob., Aegyceras corniculatum Blanco, Luminitzera littorea Voigl., and Avicennia alba L. The result of soil chemical analysis showed that, high of concentration of carbon (C) of 23.22%, nitrogen (N) of 0.73%, natrium (Na) of 10.4 me/100 g, potassium (K) of 4.51 me/100 g, however lower concentration of phosphat (P) of 3.9 ppm and cation exchange capacity of 18.93. Vegetation analysis, showed that mangrove species was dominated by R. apiculata with density of 80 trees per hectare, R. mucronata of 28 trees per hectare, and B. gymnorrhiza of 12 trees per hectare. Biomass and carbon contents of mangrove stands composed of R. apiculata, R. mucronata, and B. gymnorrhiza were low: 49.13 ton per hectare and 24.56 ton C per hectare or equivalent to 90.16 ton CO2 per hectare.

Research on forest floor biomass and litter fall was conducted in Blanakan mangrove forest, Subang, West Java in July-December 2006. Stratified random sampling method was used with 2 plots of ± 50 m x 50 m each. Three observation spots in each plot were located purposively. Parameters observed were fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, layer depth of organic material, and litter fall. The data then were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Result showed that the the available total biomass on Blanakan mangrove forest floor were 11.164 ton/ha and moisture content = 74.60%; the biomass consisted of humus layer = 4.37 ton/ha, fermentation-1 layer = 1.558 ton/ha, fermentation-2 layer = 0.84 ton/ha, and litter layer = 4.369 ton/ha. Litter layer was at the depth of 0-1 cm, fermentation layer was at 1-2.5 cm, and humus layer was at 2.5-3 cm. The rate of litter fall was 8.56 ton/ha/yr of fresh weight are 6.23 ton/ha/yr of dry weight. Based on mangrove species dominant at Blanakan, it was found that api-api (Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.) produced more litter than bakau (Rhizophora apiculata Blume) i.e. 6.51 ton/ha/yr and 4.95 ton/ha/yr respectively.

Land rehabilitation of mangrove has been done in many places in Indonesia, but the successful rate is only 24.3%. This failure is mainly caused by wave disturbing newly planted mangrove seedlings, inappropriate substratum and height of tidal inundation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of inundation height and plant spacing on the growth of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. seedlings. A randomized complete block design was used with the treatments of inundation height (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and 60-90 cm) and spacing (0.5 x 0.5 m², 1.0 x 1.0 m², 1.0 x 2.0 m², and (1.5 x 2.0 m². Plants were measured at the age of six months. The result showed that inundation height significantly affected survival percentage, but it did not affect height growth and number of leaves. The 0-30 cm inundation resulted the highest survival percentage (45.00%), while 30-60 cm inundation and 60-90 cm inundation resulted 32.26% and 16.59% respectively. The spacing of 2.0 x 1.5 m² significantly affected survival rate and highly significantly affected height growth, but it did not significantly affected number of leaves. The spacing of 2.0 x 1.5 m² resulting survival rate of 98.88% was significantly different from the spacing of 0.5 x 0.5) m² resulting 70.22%, 1.0 x 1.0 m² resulting 78.88%, and (1.0 x 2.0 m² resulting 75.55%. In terms of height growth, the spacing of 2.0 x 1.5 m² resulting 5.4 cm was highly significantly different from the spacing of 0.5 x 0.5 m² resulting 1.56 cm, 1.0 x 1.0 m² resulting 2.22 cm, and 1.0 x 2.0 m² resulting 1.77 cm

Rhizophora mucronata Lamk is one of mangrove species used to rehabilitate mangrove shrubland in west and east coasts of South Sulawesi. Mangrove is difficult to grow in steep coasts with high waves and strong tides. These conditions prevent the accumulation of mud, the substrate needed for growing mangrove. The purpose of this research is to know the growth of R. mucronata including density, stem height, root height,
and the number of roots at different substrate condition at mangrove rehabilitation area in East Sinjai, South Sulawesi. The research was done by making observation plots systematically in every growth location. The distance between each plot was 100m. The size of the plot was 5 m x 5 m with the assumption that each plant measured was at the size of seedling and pole. The plots were made at the growth location in four villages with three growth orientations: sea, middle, and land. The results showed that there was a significant substrate difference in all four observed locations. Density was lessened the more the orientation went toward the sea. The highest density occurred in Samatarring with the average of 61 tree/25 m². There was a significant difference on the stem height, the height and number of roots in each growth location. The highest growth was found in Samatarring with the average of 36.64 cm/year. The tallest and the highest number of roots were also found in Samatarring with the average height of 43 cm/year and four roots in average with substrates composed of 62.78% sand, 29.89% dust, 7.33% clay, with the average of mud thickness 29.73 cm.

This research was part of large-scale project developing silvicultural techniques to improve afforestation success at coastal dune-Kebumen coastal area. Natural plant establishment of the coastal dune, is hampered by harsh environmental conditions particularly low nutrient, low water holding capacity, high temperature and strong wind along the land surface area. The purpose of this research is to examine the addition of ameliorant (soil surface and organic matter) to survival Casuarina equisetifolia Linn. in coastal sand dune at dry season. This research was carried out at Kebumen beach area during dry season (April-October 2008). There are two factors tested, 1) addition of soil surface (v:v) (0%, 20%, 40%) and 2) addition of organic matter (v:v) (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%). There are 12 treatments and each treatment consisted of 20 seedlings. Research design use was the RCBD by three blocks as replication. Variable of survival and water holding capacity of medium was measured. The results showed that pre planting addition of ameliorant (40% soil and 10% composted organic matter) into sand basic medium increased the survival rate up to 78.3% of two months old C. equisetifolia seedling after planting. The addition of soil of both at 20% and 40% by volume increased the survival seedlings significantly at average of 60.83% and 63.75% respectively. The addition of organic matter at 10% by volume increased the survival seedlings significantly at average of 65.55% respectively. No significant survival effect was found at the addition of 30% and 50% organic matter on the basic sand medium.

• Perlindungan terhadap sistem penyangga kehidupan, dengan menjamin terpeliharanya proses ekologi bagi kelangsungan hidup biota dan ekosistemnya.
• Pengawetan keanekaragaman sumber plasma nutfah yaitu menjamin terpeliharanya sumber genetik dan ekosistemnya bagi kepentingan umat manusia.
• Pelestarian di dalam pemanfaatan baik jenis maupun ekosistemnya yaitu dengan mengatur dan mengendalikan cara-cara pemanfaatan, sehingga diharapkan dapat diperoleh manfaat yang optimal dan berkesinambungan.

• Melestarikan contoh-contoh perwakilan habitat dengan tipe-tipe ekosistemnya
• Melindungi jenis-jenis biota (dengan habitatnya) yang terancam bahaya punah
• Mengelola daerah yang penting bagi pembiakan jenis-jenis biota yang bernilai ekonomi
• Melindungi unsur-unsur yang mempunyai nilai sejarah dan budaya
• Mengelola daerah yang mempunyai nilai estetik
• Memanfaatkan daerah tersebut untuk usaha rekreasi, pariwisata, pendidikan dan penelitian
• Sebagai tempat untuk melakukan latihan di bidang pengelolaan sumberdaya alam
• Sebagai tempat pembanding bagi pemantauan tentang akibat kegiatan manusia terhadap lingkungan

• Eksplorasi jenis fungi dilakukan pada plot permanen seluas masing-masing 1 hektar telah dibuat pada beberapa lokasi dalam areal kerja PT BUMWI antara lain pada areal bekas tebangan tahun 2005 (GPS Point : - 2,55394), areal bekas tebangan tahun 2000 (GPS Point : - 2,46753/133,7448). Di tiap-tiap plot dilakukan pengamatan pada setiap batang yang ada, baik berupa batang hidup maupun berupa batang bekas tebangan dan tunggul.
• Pengamatan pada batang yang ditumbuhi fungi, pengambilan fungi untuk keperluan identifikasi.
• Identifikasi dan deskripsi fungi dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Hutan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan Tanaman Bogor, dengan pedoman buku pengenalan jenis fungi, koleksi pembanding, literatur dan konsultasi langsung dengan para ahli taksonomi.