Bio-sequestration is one of the important carbon stock management that was underlined in several international meetings. Data on carbon stocks of vegetation and peat soil are very important to minimize variation of the carbon stock estimates in peat forests. The objectives of this research were to formulate the allometric equation for estimating tree biomass of the primary and burnt peat forests and to analyze the vegetation carbon stocks of the primary and burnt peat forests. The research was carried out in the primary peat forest (HGP), peat forest repeatedly -burnt annualy (HG1), peat forest three years after fire (HG3), and peat forest eight years after fire (HG8). Cluster plots were esta blished in each forest type representing the period after burning and undisturbed condition. Each cluster plot consisted of four circular subplots (radius of 7.32 m) and four circular annular plots (radius of 17.95 m). The total number of both circular sub plots and annular plots was 16 respectively. Data on biomass carbon stock were collected on those plots. Results of this research showed that for estimating total tree biomass for all cluster, the most reliable allometric equation was Y=0.061 (DBHxρxT)1.464. General allometric equation of all cluster is used for users in the field to calculate of stand biomass carbon stock. This general equation can be applied in all cluster due to the similarity of rainfall climatic zone range as 2,621-3,339 mm/year belongs to climatic zone of moist 1,500-4,000 mm/year (Brown et al., 1989). Allometric equation in each cluster was used for estimation of stand biomass carbon stock in each cluster. The most reliable allometric equation in primary peat forest was Y=0.040 (DBHxρxT)1.52; in peat forest repeatedly –burnt annual y was Y=0.098 (DBH)2.350;  in peat forest three years after fire was Y=0.084 (DBHxρxT)1.376; in peat forest eight years after fire was Y=0.024 (DBHxρxT)1.667. Total carbon stock from understorey, seedlings, saplings, poles and trees were 73.08 tonC/ha at HGP; 4.93 tonC/ha at HG1; 13.64 tonC/ha at HG3; and 26.13 tonC/ha at HG8, respectively.

A designated forest with specific purpose (KHDTK) in Tumbang Nusa, is one of peat swamp forest areas where multiple fire occured. This research aimed to analyze composition and diversity of vegetation, regeneration and similarity among different fire history of peat swamp forests, e.g. secondary peat swamp forest (HS), burnt peatswamp forest in 1997 (HT97), multiple fire of peat swamp forest (HT04) and agroforestry on burnt peatland (AF). HT97 and HT04 have ifferent egetation composition compared with HS. Calophyllum macro carpum was the commonest tree species in HS, whilst Cratoxylum arborescens was the commonest tree species in HT97 and HT04. Similarity index of Sorensen (IS) between HS and HT97 was relatively high (IS=62.79%), mean while sorensen index between HS and HT04 was considerably low (IS=25.81%). Fire educed tree diversity, which was indicated by low Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’). H’ index in HS was 3.30, where as H’ index in HT97 and HT04 were 2. 61 and 1. 75, respectively. There were 24 tree species found in forest only; and 66. 67% of the species has zoochory dispersal mode. Dispersal mode of  the species in different habitat need to be taken into account for conservation practices in KHDTK Tumbang Nusa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang karakteristik, struktur, dan komposisi tegakan hutan rawa gambut di Tuanan dan Katunjung, Kalimantan Tengah. Pengamatan dilakukan di enam petak cuplikan 500 m x 10 m, dengan luas keseluruhan tiga ha. Pencatatan dilakukan terhadap pohon-pohon berdiameter batang setinggi dada ≥ 10 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi hutan rawa gambut di Tuanan dan Katunjung pernah mengalami degradasi yang dicirikan oleh tingkat kerapatan pohon adalah 682 pohon/ha dengan luas bidang dasar 18,054 m²/ha. Teridentifikasi 124 spesies pohon (berdiameter ≥ 10 cm) yang termasuk ke dalam 70 marga dan 36 suku. Neoscortechinia philippinensis (Merr.) Welzen merupakan spesies yang paling umum dan penting. Sebagian besar (73,03%) pohon yang didata berdiameter batang < 20 cm, hanya kurang dari satu persen untuk pohon yang berdiameter batang 50-< 60 cm (0,15%) dan untuk pohon yang berdiameter batang ≥ 60 cm (0,10%). Terdapat perbedaan komunitas penyusun tegakan antar petak cuplikan maupun antar lokasi penelitian yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks kesamaan menurut Jaccard (ISj) yang rata-rata < 50%.

The case study was carried out at a swamp forest company in Riau in 2001. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of controlled skidding technique to residual stand damage and ground exposure. Data collected includes: felled trees, poles, trees with the diameter 20 cm up, damaged poles, damaged trees and ground exposure. The data was analyzed with t-test. The study showed the following results:

1. The average of residual stand damage caused by controlled skidding technique was 29.05% for poles and 19.8% for trees. The average of residual stand damage caused by conventional skidding technique was 34.2% for poles and 24.9% for trees. The difference of 5.1% (poles) and 5.1% (trees) were significant at 95%
2. The average of ground exposure caused by controlled skidding technique and conventional skidding technique was respectively 16.06% and 18.4%. The difference of 2.34% was significant at 95%

This study was carried out in 2005 at a peat swamp forest company in Jambi. The aim of this study was to find out a technique to increase the utilization of renghas wood in a peat swamp forest by implementing the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) and the conventional felling technique (CFT). Data collected in this study were: working time, log volume, waste volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Two data categories were analyzed with respect to their possible differences by using a t-test. The study showed that the implementation of LPFT produced better results compared to that 3 of CFT which was indicated by: (1) Felling productivity increased to 5.220 m /hour, (2) Felling cost 3 decreased Rp 341/m , (3) Felling efficiency increased 3.2%, and (4) The average stump heights were 41.2 cm for LPFT and 67.5 cm for CFT.

Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus (Miq) Kurz.) is a trade name of timber produced from a group of Gonystylusspecies. It is a well-known species because of its high timber quality and value. Ramin natural population has been decreasing sharply since the last two decades due to over exploitation, and nowadays leads to extinction. The objective of this research was to analyze the growth of ramin plantation on various sites. Data were collected from February to April 2005 through field survey on five sites of peat-swamp forest areas in four provinces, Riau, Jambi, West and Central Kalimantan. The result showed that ramin annual early growth varied across sites. It grew better on deep peat soil (3 - 4 m in depth) and under moderate shading (55 - 60%) during early growth. The highest early height growth (52.27 cm/year) occurred at Sei Bakau, West Kalimantan. Whereas, it highest early diameter growth (0.73 cm/year) was found at Rokan Hilir, Riau. The characteristics of site are very important for a successful growth of ramin plantation, including peat depth and level of shading. Annual early growth of ramin as along in line with increasing of the plant age, namely a four- times increase of plant age (from 1.6 - 2 years to 6.5 - 7.3 years), the annual early height and diameter growth decreased until they reached a half and one third of the starting values. Since the growth of ramin is very slow, it is necessary to find and develop technologies to accelerate growth rate of the ramin plants. Application of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum is a promising technology, but their role in promoting ramin growth and the needed cost must be tested and analyzed under various conditions of the peat-swamp soils in Indonesia

Dipterocarpaceae is a group of native, predominant trees of Indonesian lowland tropical forest. It is now under a serious threat of extinction due to continual forest degradations. Although dipterocarps have been used for reforestation, in the case of peat forest, transplanted seedlings typically suffer low survival rates due to acidic soil, low nutrient contents, and the presence of toxic elements. To produce robust seedlings, many studies have suggested an inclusion of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). However, little or no studies have been done to PGPR of diptercarps. This study is a part of our wider effeorts to search for potential PGPT for bio-reforestation in degraded lans idn Indonesia. We characterized PGPR of dipterocarps for their capacities to solubilized P, fix N₂, and/or help ectomycorrhization in vitro. Bacteria werw isolated from shorea tesymanniana, S.parviflora, S.belangeran, S. stenoptera, Dipterocarpus sp., and Hope asp. Of acidic, lowland peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan. A total of 71 bacterial strains from rhizoplane and rhizophere were isolated in an N-free Winogradsky’S soft gel medium. While most bacteria possessed PGPR traits in vitro, 14 showed the best PGPR efficiency. The best P solubilizers were Erwinia spp. CK23, CK24 and CK10, Roseateles sp. CK 15, Rhizobium sp. Ck19, Burkholderia sp.CK32, and NI CK4. A Chromobacterium sp.CK8 was the most potential ectomycorrhization helper of Laccaria sp. We demonstrated that Dipterocarpaceae harbored diverse bacterial genera and potential PGPR candidates which may be utilized as growth promoters for preparation of robust seedlings for bio-reforestation of degraded lands

The dynamics of species composition, stand structure and aboveground biomass were studied over a 4.3-yr period (December 2004 – April 2009) in a lowland dipterocarp forest of Samboja, East Kalimantan. This study was conducted in six permanent sample plots (100 m x 100 m each) distributed over an area of 26.5 ha of Samboja Research Forest. All woody plants ≥ 10 cm dbh (diameter at 1.3 m aboveground) were identified. In December 2004, 2.143 trees were measured in the six plots, consisting of 39 families, 82 genera and 111 species. The condition in April 2009 (after 4.3 yr) was: 2,466 trees, 40 families, 86 genera and 123 species. Most species were found in both occasions. Fourteen new species were registered, which contributed to 9.8% of a net addition of the total number of species found in the six plots. Over the 4.3-yr period, there was also an increase of 15.1% in density, 12.9% in basal area, and 11.6% in aboveground biomass, respectively. The density increased from 357 to 411 trees per ha; the basal area increased from 20.09 to 22.67 m2/ha ; and the aboveground biomass increased from 286.3 to 319.4 ton/ha. The family Dipterocarpaceae was the richest in species (more than 20 species found in both occasions), followed by Euphorbiaceae, Burseraceae, Fabaceae, and Anacardiaceae (more than five species). Most genera (80%) contained just one species, but Shorea with 13 species was the richest. Four families (Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae) contained more than 80% of the aboveground biomass in both occasions (75% of them from Dipterocarpaceae family). The increases in species richness and density did not cause any significant differences in the diversity index and diameter distribution. This condition suggested that forest vegetation of the study site maintains its diversity composition and structural features over the period of study

Konservasi hutan di Indonesia menjadi isu yang sangat penting setelah
penebangan hutan dilakukan sejak beberapa dekade terakhir. Isu konservasi ini
sangat penting untuk ditindak lanjuti terutama terhadap jenis-jenis pohon yang
telah ditebang secara tidak lestari dan tengah mengalami ancaman degradasi.
Salah satu jenis tersebut adalah ramin (G bancanus). Untuk mencegah
kepunahan ramin, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan kebijakan
moratorium penebangan sejak tahun 2001 dan memasukkan ramin ke dalam
konvensi CITES. Dengan masuknya ramin ke dalam konvensi CITES, maka
perdagangan internasional ramin harus memenuhi beberapa ketentuan, antara
lain ijin ekspor dan persyaratan Non-Detrimental Finding (NDF).
Untuk memastikan efektivitas moratorium dan masuknya ramin ke dalam
CITES, berbagai hambatan pelaksanaan di lapangan harus secara terus menerus
diatasi sehingga pengelolaan ramin secara lestari dan konservasi dapat tercapai.
Lokakarya nasional “Identification of information gaps toward the SFM and
conservation on ramin and the thematic program to be included into 2009 and
2010 workprogram of ITTO-CITES Project” yang diselenggarakan di Bogor, 21-22
Januari 2009, dimaksudkan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Lokakarya nasional
ini dibiayai oleh proyek ITTO-CITES, Indonesia Workprogram for 2008 dan
Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Badan Litbang Kehutanan.