Tanaman Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell dapat berasosiasi dengan dua jenis mikoriza, yaitu fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan fungi ektomikoriza. Tanaman ini mulai ditanam untuk bahan baku pulp dan kertas oleh beberapa perusahaan hutan tanaman industri terutama di lahan-lahan marjinal di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Dalam situasi yang marjinal tersebut, fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan fungi ektomikoriza mempunyai peranan yang sangat nyata dalam meningkatkan pertumbuahn bibit di nurseri dan lebih lanjut akan membantu bibit tumbuh pada lahan yang marjinal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang besarnya pengaruh inokulasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan fungi ektomikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit E. pellita umur tiga bulan di pesemaian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pesemaian dengan tanaman uji E. pellita yang diinokulasi dengan inokulan tunggal fungi mikoriza arbuskula jenis Glomus sp. dan inokulan ganda Glomus sp. yang dicampur dengan fungi ektomikoriza jenis Pisolithus arrhizus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi tunggal dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter, berat kering, serapan unsur N dan P berturut-turut sebesar 13%, 13%, 40%, 32%, dan 82% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan inokulasi ganda antara Glomus sp. dan P. arrhizus dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter, berat kering, serapan unsur N dan P berturut-turut sebesar 41%, 41%, 80%, 64%, dan 155% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

Aquilaria spp. merupakan kelompok tumbuhan penghasil aromatik bernilai komersil tinggi melalui produk gubal gaharu dan kamedangan. Budidaya tanaman gaharu merupakan salah satu langkah nyata di dalam menjalankan program pemanfaatan dari alam secara berkelanjutan. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai usaha budidaya pohon penghasil gaharu di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk rapid assessment pada bulan April 2008 dengan mengunjungi beberapa lokasi penanaman pohon gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) yang ada di Kabupaten dan Kota Bengkulu. Pada setiap kunjungan ke lokasi budidaya dilakukan wawancara terstruktur mengenai sejarah penanaman serta dilakukan pengukuran diameter setinggi dada (dbh) dan tinggi pohon-pohon gaharu. Kamedangan segar hasil tebangan dan gubal gaharu hasil inokulasi diukur berat dan kandungan airnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman pohon penghasil gaharu di tingkat masyarakat diprakarsai oleh perusahaan lokal. Sampai dengan Juli 2008 jumlah petani gaharu binaan mencapai 29 jiwa dengan luas penanaman 38,0 ha serta jumlah penanaman mencapai 5.000 pohon, sedangkan kegiatan inokulasi pada tumbuhan gaharu alam mencapai 53 ha. Pemahaman konsep budidaya sesuai perundangan masih harus disosialisasikan mengingat adanya perbedaan persepsi, khususnya pada
status pohon penghasil gaharu alam yang diinokulasi dengan sengaja. Jenis pohon penghasil gaharu yang dibudidaya dan tumbuh alami di perkebunan masyarakat adalah Aquilaria microcarpa Baill. dan A. malaccensis Lam. Berat gubal gaharu hasil inokulasi kondisi siap jual rata-rata 18,79 gram/potong (standar deviasi 8,85) dengan kandungan air 11,2-12,97%. Kandungan air pada kamedangan hasil tebangan baru adalah 46,3%. Satu pohon penghasil gaharu dengan tinggi 35 m dan dbh 118 cm setidaknya menghasilkan 637,65 kg kamedangan kering siap jual.

Good quality seedlings is needed to rehabilitate critical lands. Mycorrhizal infected seedling is one way to establish high quality seedlings. Tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) is a tree which can be associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of spore powder doses of  Scleroderma citrinum Persoon and media compositions on root infection and growth of pine seedling in nursery. Factorial in completely randomized design was employed. Spore powder dose factor were 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g, and media composition factor were subsoil, subsoil : sand (7:3), and subsoil : compos (7:3). The results showed that dose 0.1 g of spore powder with the media of subsoil and subsoil : sand (7:3) were able to infect roots significantly and influenced height growth, diameter, total dry weight, and top-root ratio on seven month old seedlings. Media of subsoil : compos (7:3) with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g spore powder did not infect the roots. The media composition of subsoil : sand (7:3) inoculated with 0.2 g spore powder produced the highest percentage of mycorrhizal infection (77.6%).

The aim of this study was to find out germination quality in relation to time seed falling sequences (the first study) and delay of seed germination (the second one). The seeds derived from mother trees in Sempaja Arboretum, while germination study was conducted at the nursery of the Dipterocarps Research Center of Samarinda. The completely randomized design with factorial 2 x 7 was used for the first study. The first factor was germination medium consisting of sand without endomycorrhiza (E0) and sand with endomycorrhiza (E1). The second factor was time interval of seed collection consisting of P1 (seeds collected on the 3rd day of seed fall period), P2 (the 5th day), P3 (the 7 th day), P4 (those on 10 th day), P5 (the 13 rd day), P6 (the 17 th day, and P7 (the 24 th day). The completely randomized design was used for the second study. The treatments were PW0 (direct seed germination), PW1 (10 day-delay seed germination, PW2 (12 day-delay), and PW3 (17 day-delay). The results of the study showed that the average germination of Aquilaria microcarpa Baill was 74.76%. Germination of seeds in E0 was 75.55%, while that in E1 was 73.79%, but the difference was not statistically significant. The P treatments were highly significantly different, however, the following test (LSD) indicated that the treatments of P6 (60.55%), P7 (64.44%), P5 (70.00%), and P1 (71.11%) were not significantly different. These treatments resulted bad germination quality which was less than the average of overall germination i.e. 74.76%. Good germination quality values were more than 74.76% which were from the treatments of P4 (79.45%), P2 (87.78%), and P3 (90.00%). Result of seed germination delay showed that PW0 (88.89%) was highly significantly different compared to PW1 (31.11%), PW2 (25.56%), and
PW3 (15.56%), while PW1, PW2, and PW3 were not significantly different

Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub. is one of the nurse tree species that produces forest honey. This research was aimed at giving information on producing Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub. seedlings through KOFFCO vegetative propagation system. The research was conducted at the green house of Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa in Samarinda. A completely randomized design with 2 x 3 factorial and 3 replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of 30 cuttings. The first factor, i.e. cutting material, consisted of 2 levels: S0: shoot cutting and S1: stem cutting. The second factor, i.e. root-stimulating agent, consisted of 3 levels: P0: without root-stimulating agent(control), P1: smearing Rootone-F rootstimulating agent, and P2: soaking at the atonic root-stimulating agent for 1 hour with a liquid concentration of 100 ml/1liter water. The results showed that the average percentage of cuttings-grownseedlings was 82.4% from rooted cuttings, as a whole. Stem and shoot cuttings produced 76% and 88.67% of seedlings, respectively. Based on statistical analyses both treatments were highly significantly different. However, the applications of smearing Rootone-F root-stimulating agent, soaking the stem part that will grow at the atonic liquid with 100 mml/ liter water concentration for 1 hour and control were not significantly different, with the percentage of cuttings-grown-seedlings were 80%, 84%, and 83%, respectively

This research was aimed to find out information on the growth and physical quality of Shorea leprosula Miq. seedlings propagated from shoot cutting at three different levels of age. The research was carried out through growth observation and physical quality assessment at 11-, 12-, and 14- month- old after acclimatization (MAA). The observation and assessment were done to ten seedling samples of each ge level which were selected through a simple randomized sampling method. The results showed that height of 14 MAA Shorea leprosula Miq. seedlings was significantly different from other age levels (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the physical quality of seedlings was not different between age levels of seedlings. At seedling age of 11 MAA (S1), the seedling was ready for planting with height of 32.6 cm, sturdiness value of 10.79, shoot/root ratio of 2.58, and seedling quality index of 0.28.

This study was subjected to observe the possibility of introducing specific foreign genes into L., using mediated transformation. used in this study consisted of strains of EHA105 (vector plasmid pBIsGFP) and EHA105 (vector plasmid pBsGFP) to observe the possibility of introducing genes, and strains of EHA101 (vector plasmid pIG121-Hm) and LBA4404/ferritin (vector plasmid pBG-1) to observe the shoot organogenesis after genes transformation. Explants were collected from one cm in length excised stem of plantlets. The results of the study showed that genetic transformations of could be potentially developed using strains : EHA105 (pBIsGFP or pBsGFP), EHA101 (pGI121-Hm) and LBA4404/ferritin (pBG-1). The expression of GFP () signal worked successfully in this transformation with 40% of transformation rate for pBIsGFP and 20 % for pBsGFP. The application of strains of EHA101 (pIG121-Hm) and LBA4404/ferritin (pBG-1) which contained specific gene of kanamycin resistance and iron accumulation for plant growth improvement showed that adventitious shoot was well induced and elongated on the rate of 30 - 60 % of explants after genes transformation.

Provenance/progeny trial of Acacia auriculiformis plants growing at Wonogiri, Indonesia comprised of 129 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances. The study used 3 year-old plants, beginning from seedling. Parameters included growth traits (diameter, height, stem form and bark thickness), and wood characteristics (color, moisture content, and specify gravity). Genetic variations in the traits were studied and genetic parameters were estimated. High variation among the A. auriculiformis families within provenance in the trial were found on diameter, height, stem form, wood color (percentage of black color area), and moisture content. Individual heritability in A.auriculiformis plant were 0.33 for height, 0.40 for diameter, 0.54 for stem form, 0.48 for wood color, 0.46 for moisture content, and 0.18 for both bark thickness and wood specific gravity. Diameter, sterm form and wood color indicated substantial improvement on the traits and wood characteristics that would follow for this trait

The magnitude of the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) in seven six years old seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita established at three locations in Indonesia was examined by analyzing height and diameter. The seed orchard at each location consists of 121 families from three provenances of Papua New Guinea. The pooled sum of squares derived from analysis of variance of growth of the three provenances was used to estimate genetic parameters. These parameters were then used to calculate genetic gain as a result of both direct and indirect selections. The GEI across the three locations was very strong, while the results of pair-wise site analysis varied between the pairs of locations. The genetic correlations for pairs of locations were moderately high between South Sumatra and Riau; 0.68 for dbh and 0.85 for height, but were lower between South Kalimantan and the other locations (0.32 to 0.56). The gains resulting from direct selection were apparently greater than those resulting from indirect selection. The genetic gains achieved in South Sumatra and Riau would decrease by 24% as a result of transfer to other sites, while transfer from South Kalimantan to Sumatra Island (and vice versa) would reduce in the genetic gain by 60%. Hence, the breeding population in South Kalimantan should be developed separately from those in South Sumatra and Riau

The optimum design of seedling seed orchards in order to maximize genetic gain was investigated. Variance components were estimated on the basis of heights of individual plants in the first generation seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita with ages of 1 to 5 years old. The seed orchards were established at two locations in Indonesia – South Kalimantan and South Sumatra. There were three types of variance components, comprising family variance, plot error variance, and within plot variance was derived using family variance as an independent variable. The regression equation was statistically significant and could be used to determine relatife size of the three variances under different levels of heritability. The optimum number of families of the intermediate heritability (=0.20) were found to be around 40 to 50, with six to eight trees per plot for a seed orchard of 2 ha with 10 replicates. This result suggested that the design of the first generation seedling seed orchards was close to the optimum to archieve maximum genetic gain through the two stages of selections, i.e. within plot selesction and family selection.